INTRODUCCIÓN:
El diagnóstico y manejo oportuno de la diabetes gestacional y el control de factores de riesgo
permite disminuir su impacto en complicaciones materno-perinatales
OBJETIVO:
Determinar la prevalencia de diabetes gestacional en un hospital de alta complejidad,
explorar factores asociados y desenlaces materno-perinatales.
MÉTODOS:
Estudio transversal con análisis secundario, incluyo gestantes con disposición del tamiz
para diabetes. Con muestra de 533 y muestreo consecutivo, se analizaron variables
sociales, biológicas, psicológicas. Se estimó su prevalencia, para explorar factores y
desenlaces materno-perinatales se utilizó el Odds Ratio como medida de asociación (IC
del 95%). Se realizó multivariado para controlar confusores.
RESULTADOS:
La prevalencia fue del 16.32% IC 95%; 13.28-19.73, como factores asociados: edad >
35 ORa 2.26 IC95%; 1.23-4.14, raza indígena ORa 6.60; IC95%; 1.17-37.15, IMC >30;
ORa 2.26; IC 95%; 1.23-4.14, historia de feto macrosómico ORa 10,07 IC 95%; 1.50-
67,34, y familiar de diabetes mellitus ORa 3,17; IC95%; 1,39-7,22. Respecto a los
maternos-perinatales se encontró asociación significativa con inducción del parto,
cesárea de urgencia y electiva, macrosomía por percentil > 90 y hospitalización
neonatal.
CONCLUSIONES:
La prevalencia encontrada, factores asociados y resultados maternos-perinatales son
similares a la de la mayor parte de los estudios consultados.
INTRODUCTION:
The diagnosis and timely management of gestational diabetes and the control of risk factors allows to reduce its impact on maternal-perinatal complications
OBJECTIVE:
To determine the prevalence of gestational diabetes in a hospital of high complexity, to explore associated factors and maternal-perinatal outcomes.
METHODS:
Cross-sectional study with secondary analysis, including pregnant women with sieve disposal for diabetes. With sample of 533 and consecutive sampling, social, biological, and psychological variables were analyzed. Its prevalence was estimated, to explore factors and maternal-perinatal outcomes Odds Ratio was used as a measure of association (95% CI). Multivariate was performed to control confounders.
RESULTS:
The prevalence was 16.32% CI 95%; 13.28-19.73, as associated factors: age> 35 ORa 2.26 IC95%; 1.23-4.14, indigenous race ORa 6.60; 95% CI; 1.17-37.15, BMI> 30; ORa 2.26; 95% CI; 1.23-4.14, history of a macrosomic fetus ORa 10.07 IC 95%; 1.50-67.34, and family member of diabetes mellitus ORa 3.17; 95% CI; 1.39-7.22. Regarding the maternal-perinatals, significant association was found with induction of labor, emergency and elective cesarean section, macrosomia by percentile> 90 and neonatal hospitalization.
CONCLUSIONS:
The prevalence found, associated factors and maternal-perinatal results are similar to that of most of the studies consulted.